Foundation Islamic Union
Independent Islamic States
Islamic Countries (States); is the general name given to the countries whose entire or majority of the population is Muslim and which are members or observers of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Our Prophet (s.a.s.) laid the foundations of the first Islamic state in Medina after the migration. He signed agreements with the Jews and other tribes in Medina. Islam began to spread rapidly among the tribes in and outside Medina. The Meccan polytheists were very afraid of this rapid spread of Islam. They wanted to stop the spread of Islam by eliminating Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.) and Muslims. For this purpose, the battles of Badr (624), Uhud (625) and Trench (627) took place. There were also many small wars. But the polytheists could not achieve their goal. Therefore, they had to retreat. In the meantime, although the polytheists prevented the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s.) from performing Hajj, they signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyah (628) for 10 years and officially recognised the Islamic state in Medina. After this treaty, the spread of Islam accelerated. When the Meccan polytheists broke the agreement, they marched on Mecca with an army of 10,000 people. The city of Mecca was conquered without spilling a drop of blood. In 630, the Battle of Hunayn was fought. After this war, the religion of Islam, which no longer had any obstacle in front of it, spread to all of Arabia. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) died in Medina in 632 shortly after the Farewell pilgrimage.
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.), Prophet Abu Bakr (r.a.) was elected as Caliph and the Hulefâ-i Rashîdîn (Four Caliphs) between 632-661, 661- 750 Umayyads, 750-1258
Abbasids ruled the Muslims. During the Abbasid period, new Islamic states, khanates, principalities and sultanates were established especially in regions far from the centre.Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Delhi Sultanate, Timurs, Altinordu and Uzbek khanates and Mughals in the east, Andalusian Umayyads, Murabids, Ayyubids, Mamluks and Ottomans in the west, served the spread of Islam with the states they established and the conquests they made.Until the end of the 18th century, the Mughals in the east and the Ottomans in the west were the protectors of Muslims. However, the enemy of Islam, the British, with their insidious plans, first destroyed the Mughals in the east and then destroyed the Ottoman Empire with the co-operation of their supporters, leaving the Muslims in the west unattended. Before the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, only (3) independent Islamic countries remained: Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan. The rest of the Muslim countries were colonised.
In the Middle East region, Bahrain, UAE, Palestine, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Jordan, Yemen (12) states; in the Central and Front Asia region, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, TRNC, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Turkmenistan (8) states; in the Near East region, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran and Pakistan (4) states; (4) states in the south-east Asia region, namely Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Maldives; (6) states in the north Africa region, namely Algeria, Chad, Morocco, Libya, Egypt and Tunisia; (8) states in the ocean basin, namely Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Togo and Benin; (6) states in the east Africa region, namely Djibouti, Eritrea, Comoros, Mozambique, Somalia and Sudan;
In north-west Africa and South America, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bisau,
Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Guyana and Suriname (9) states; In the European region, there are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia (North) (4) states and a total of (61) independent states. 57 of these states are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and the others are 'observer' members. In this section, we will analyse these countries in alphabetical order. Those who want to get more detailed information about the countries can refer to the sources we have utilised.
We have compiled statistical information about Islamic countries from current open information sources, official internet websites of these countries, websites of international organisations such as the UN, OIC, IMF, World Bank, WHO, ILO, reputable encyclopaedias, continuously broadcasting documentary sources, periodicals, books and magazines by making long and tiring studies. We have both indicated the names of the sources we quoted as footnotes at the bottom of the page and listed them in the list of references at the end of the book. We have tried to give a key to our researchers, scholars and politicians who will do research on the Islamic Union and the Islamic world. With this work, we have endeavoured to form the basis for a vitally important work such as the establishment and survival of the Islamic Union. We would like to express our appreciation and thanks to the authors and institutions of the sources we have used and to the publishers who prepared the works and made them available to the readers.
